Resumo
O óleo de nim é um bioinseticida utilizado no controle de várias pragas, entre elas Spodoptera frugiperda, praga de considerável importância econômica para diversas culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do óleo de nim no controle de S. frugiperda e seus efeitos no desenvolvimento do inseto. Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e 45 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: óleo de nim adicionado à dieta artificial nas concentrações 0,5; 1, 2 e 3%, tratamento pulverizado com óleo de nim (0,5%), tratamento pulverizado com Lorsban 480 BR e testemunha pulverizada com água. Para os tratamentos pulverizados e a testemunha, as lagartas foram alimentadas com dieta artificial na ausência do óleo, enquanto para os demais, foi oferecida a dieta contendo óleo de nim durante sete dias sendo que após esse período as lagartas foram transferidas para a dieta normal. No decorrer do ensaio foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: porcentagem de lagartas mortas, tamanho de lagarta, número e peso de pupa. Nos tratamentos em que o óleo de nim foi adicionado à dieta nas concentrações 2 e 3%, a porcentagem de lagartas mortas foi estatisticamente igual ao tratamento pulverizado com Lorsban 480 BR. Lagartas submetidas à dieta artificial com óleo de nim (2 e 3%) mostraram-se menores que as demais. O número e peso de pupas foram significativamente menores no tratamento em que o óleo foi adicionado à dieta na concentração 0,5%, sendo que para as demais concentrações (1, 2 e 3%) as lagartas não chegaram à fase pupa. Lagartas que se alimentaram da dieta que continha óleo de nim tiveram seu ciclo retardado quando comparadas ao tratamento pulverizado com óleo e à testemunha, o que comprovou o efeito do bioinseticida sobre o seu desenvolvimento.
Palavras-chave: azadiractina, bioinseticida, Spodoptera.
ABSTRACT
The neem oil is a bioinsecticide used in the control of many pests, between them, Spodoptera frugiperda, pest of considerable economic importance to an array of cultures. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the neem oil in the control of S. frugiperda and its effects in the insect development. A completely randomized blocks design with seven treatments and 45 replicates was used. The treatments were: neem oil added to the artificial diet in the concentrations of 0,5; 1, 2 and 3%, treatment sprayed with neem oil (0,5%), treatment sprayed with Lorsban 480 BR and control sprayed with water. To the sprayed treatments and the control, the larvae were fed with artificial diet in the absence of oil, although to the others, the larvae were fed with a diet where neem oil was added, for seven days and after that period they were transferred to the usual diet. The parameters evaluated during the experiment were: percentage of died larvae, length of larvae, number and weight of pupae. To the treatments where neem oil was added in the concentrations of 2 and 3%, the percentage of died larvae was statistically the same to the treatment sprayed with Lorsban 480 BR. Larvae fed with artificial diet where neem oil was added (2 and 3%) were smaller than the others. The number and weight of pupae were significativelly inferior in the treatment where neem oil was added to the diet in the concentration of 0,5 %. To the other concentrations (1, 2 and 3%) the larvae did not get to the pupae stage. Larvae that were fed neem oil added to the diet had their cycle retarded when compared to the treatment sprayed with neem oil and the control, what proved the bioinsecticide effect in their development.
Key words: azadirachtin, bioinsecticide, Spodoptera.
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